Special Education

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NESCA Welcomes Sarah LaFerriere as a Transition Specialist

By | NESCA Notes 2024

By: Jane Hauser
Director of Marketing & Outreach, NESCA

Transition Specialist and Special Educator Sarah LaFerriere, M.Ed., joined NESCA during the summer. We’d like to take the opportunity to formally introduce her and fill you in on her inspiration for getting into Special Education and eventually Transition Services as well as her previous professional experiences, and how she supports families and students here at NESCA.

What led you to special education in general and then to transition services?

From early in elementary school, I remember having peers with disabilities who were often not being included. I would go out of my way at recess or lunch and play or sit with them so they would not feel so alone or different. My teachers would tell my parents that I was very nurturing and inclusive.

I was also personally motivated by one of my brother’s friends, who was severely autistic. My brother invited him to his 9^th or 10^th birthday party, where they played with temporary tattoos among other things. I was a teenager at that time. While there were many areas that were a struggle for my brother’s friend, he somehow figured out how to disable their home alarm system, left his house, and walked to our yard and waited there for a tattoo because he had so much fun with them at the party. His parents were beside themselves, calling the police to report him missing. I remember thinking that I would love to know how his brain works. It was fascinating that he had so much difficulty carrying out functional activities and was simultaneously so determined to get another tattoo, he disabled an alarm system at the age of nine.

I took that interest and just ran with it, volunteering in the life skills room in high school, and because I loved that so much, I became a skills trainer, PCA, and worked for The Arc (now LifeWorks), then held a position at one of the MACI programs at Bridgewater State. That’s where I began my love for working with transition-aged youth.

After I graduated college, I got my master’s through the EXCEL program at Bridgewater State University. As graduate assistant in that program, I taught high school and loved it. I really enjoyed working with older students, helping them navigate the community during their transition to adulthood. That brought me to my work in transition and eventually to NESCA as a transition specialist.

Who do you work with at NESCA?

So far, I’ve been seeing a wide range of students. My specialty area is working with students with more severe challenges. I really enjoy working with autistic students and those with intellectual disabilities, working with them on building life skills. At NESCA, I have had the chance to work with college-bound students who are living with anxiety, ADHD or other mental health concerns.

How would you describe your approach to working with students who are more severely impacted by their disabilities?

I try to connect with them as much as possible and develop a relationship with them based on their interests. Many students with disabilities have very specific interests. I use those interests as a way to make the initial connection with them. Once they see that I have a sincere interest in them and their interests, they tend to feel more comfortable and open up with me. People often tell me that it’s clear that I make strong connections with my students. In my opinion, we would not be able to accomplish nearly as much as we do without that relational approach. It’s hard for students to understand their full potential if the providers they work with can’t make a connection with them.

How do you define self-determination, and why is it such an important part of the transition process?

Self-determination is the ability to advocate for yourself, make decisions, and really learn about yourself – your likes, what you want, or what you don’t want. Self-determination is just so important for students of all ages, but especially for high schoolers and transition-aged youth, because there are so many important decisions and changes coming up for them. Self-determination is actually at the very heart of the transition process.

Self-determination is a big theme in the new Massachusetts IEP format. Why is this change so significant for students on IEPs?

Hopefully, the new IEP format here in Massachusetts will help more students become involved in their IEP process, which is now driven by the vision students have for themselves in all aspects of life after high school. It will hopefully guide schools to support students in building self-determination and independence skills, teaching them how to speak up, advocate, and participate in their own education. I truly hope the new format translates into schools putting a heavier emphasis on helping students successfully be part of the IEP process.

If we build these skills earlier on so students can be part of and contribute to IEP, once they leave school, they will be able to use those skills in life, whether that’s at a job or in the community. Hopefully, they will learn to generalize those self-advocacy skills to help them get what they need or want as they move into adulthood.

Another goal with the new Massachusetts IEP is to involve students in the IEP process at a younger age. Why do you think that is a priority?

Someone put it to me this way, and I think it paints an accurate picture. Think about parents or caregivers planning a party for a child down to every last detail. All the plans have been made; all the invites went out…everything is booked. But then, they don’t actually invite the child to their own party. That’s what we have been doing with students and their IEPs. We make the plans, we invite the providers and teachers, but we don’t ever invite the student to their own IEP meeting. This whole process, this whole document, this whole program is all for them, and our students have no idea of what took place in the meeting and why.

It’s really important for students of all ages to know their strengths and challenges, and have the opportunity to express their own voice throughout the process. Involving students at a younger age shows them how we are all working towards what they are hoping to achieve.

You have worked in a variety of settings from public and private schools to camps and different agencies. How do your past experiences benefit NESCA families?

When I think about all of the people sitting around the table in an IEP meeting, I think I’ve been in almost every one of the spots, with the exception of being a school administrator. I’ve been the teacher, the skills provider, in the paraprofessional role, and in the specialist role. While my own child doesn’t have a disability, just being a parent, I now see things more clearly from the parent point of view as well.

I feel like all my past experiences have led me to this position where I can provide realistic and attainable goals and recommendations to support students throughout the transition process. I know what can be accomplished by teachers and specialists in schools and what may be more of an unrealistic expectation for them to carry out. I understand how swamped they all are and how understaffed schools may be. That knowledge allows me to get creative and develop recommendations that allow students to reach their transition goals by teachers, providers, and parents putting those pieces in place. I can now think from the perspectives of all those roles. It’s not that we are expecting less from teachers or others, but I am able to identify who may actually be a better fit to work on skills with the student. Perhaps some instruction could be accomplished through a skills teacher in the home setting or a specialist at the school other than a teacher, for example.

You recently received a certification to help teach parents, caregivers, and providers to educate students with special needs about topics related to sex. Tell us more about that.

Yes! I’m really excited to work in this area. It’s so important. I now have the opportunity to go into schools and teach administrators or special educators how to teach their students about topics related to their bodies and sex. All too often, students in special education just don’t get taught about sexual safety and what’s going on with their bodies, and they are often some of the most vulnerable people out there. There is also a large percentage of special needs students who are part of the LGBTQ+ community, and it’s so important for parents and care providers to have the language and the knowledge to talk about some of these uncomfortable topics at their child’s level of understanding, whether that’s based on age or ability. I think a lot of families and schools really need support in this area.

Students also have a right to know and understand what’s going on in their bodies and how that may be adding to a lot of their behaviors. When I first became a special educator, I worked with students who exhibited sexualized behaviors, and I was not prepared for that. If a trained special educator was not prepared, parents, who likely have very little training on this topic, may feel like they are at a loss in supporting their kids. We all know kids don’t come with instruction manuals!

If I have the chance to educate students in a way that helps to prevent them from abuse and teaches them how to speak up and advocate for themselves if something inappropriate is going on, I am all for it.

What were you looking for when you came to NESCA and what do you feel like you’ve experienced in the past few months that you’ve been here?

I didn’t expect to learn so much from the people who work here. I knew there was an emphasis on life-long learning here, but I’m amazed at what I have learned and been exposed to in a short amount of time.

I love our weekly Case Conferences where clinicians present some of the more complex cases to gain insight and the perspectives of our colleagues. I get to learn about so many people and different approaches. I have had a lot of exposure to the mental health side of the students we work with and better understanding the connections between mental health and autism, intellectual disabilities, and more severe disabilities. I love learning more about the language, techniques or creative approaches to use with students who are experiencing anxiety or depression.

I enjoy being in a multidisciplinary setting where I can strengthen my knowledge in transition services, while also learning from the neuropsychologists, counselors, and others outside of the transition team.

In any given week, I may be writing reports, attending conferences or observing students in various settings, even at a zoo. I underestimated the new experiences and great connections that I’ve been able to make since coming to NESCA. It’s just been a really great experience.

About the Author

Sarah LaFerriere, M.Ed., is a transition specialist and special educator who has nearly a decade of experience working with transition aged students in public schools, college, and home-based settings. She provides transition assessment, consultation, and coaching services to a wide range of clients, and specializes in supporting students with autism, intellectual disabilities, developmental disabilities, mental health conditions, and medical conditions.

To book a consultation with Sarah LaFerriere or one of our many other expert transition specialists, neuropsychologists, or other clinicians, complete NESCA’s online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton, Plainville, and Hingham, Massachusetts; Londonderry, New Hampshire; the greater Burlington, Vermont region; and Brooklyn, New York (coaching services only) serving clients from infancy through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

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Individualized Education program written on blocks, IEP Symbol

Guide to Transition Planning and the New Massachusetts IEP

By | NESCA Notes 2024

By: Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS
Director of Transition Services, NESCA

Transition planning has long been a critical component of special education, mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA 2004). Its purpose is to prepare students for life beyond high school in the areas of postsecondary education and/or training, employment, and independent living. While federal law requires transition services to begin at age 16, Massachusetts has gone a step further, requiring that postsecondary goals and transition services be included in a student’s individualized education program (IEP) by age 14.

However, the previous Massachusetts IEP format made it difficult to effectively integrate transition planning. Even with the introduction of a Transition Planning Form (TPF) to facilitate discussions, there was no consistent practice for embedding contents of the TPF into the IEP itself. As a result, much of the transition planning that was included ended up in the “additional information” section, limiting its visibility and coherence within the broader IEP process.

After over a decade of development, the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) released a new IEP document last school year, which all districts are required to adopt during the 2024-2025 academic year. One of the most promising features of this new IEP is its heightened emphasis on transition planning, now driven more clearly by the student’s vision and voice. Notably, the new format embeds transition planning directly into the structure of the IEP, making transition assessments a more visible and integral part of the process. While the legal requirements for transition planning remain unchanged, the new IEP format makes it easier to document these critical steps, ensuring that important aspects of transition planning are not overlooked.

So, what’s important to know about transition planning in the New MA IEP?

Student Voice and Vision are Up Front
One of the most significant improvements in the new IEP is its emphasis on the student’s voice and future vision. The “concerns” section is clearly labeled Student and Parent Concerns, empowering students to express what they want out of their IEP process. This is immediately followed by the Student and Team Vision, placing the student’s aspirations firmly at the center of the IEP process. Students ages 3-13 are encouraged to participate in visioning, fostering earlier goal setting, and encouraging teams to think explicitly about the student’s goals at younger ages. For students who will be ages 14-22, the IEP now more explicitly asks for the student’s postsecondary goals in key planning areas: education and/or training, employment, and independent living. This focus ensures that the IEP reflects the student’s ambitions and drives a more outcome-oriented process for postsecondary success.

Disability Categories are Transparent
The new IEP introduces a more transparent Student Profile section, where teams no longer need to select one “primary” disability category, making a student’s full profile more visible to all team members. While students can participate in the IEP process without fully understanding their disabilities, they can be more fully engaged if they know that they have one or more disabilities as defined by IDEA. Learning to disclose their disability and understand how it affects their learning, work, and daily life is a critical component of the transition process, empowering students to self-advocate and seek the supports they need. The transparency in the new IEP can help students gain a clearer understanding of the connection between their disabilities, their disability-related needs, and the accommodations and services they receive. Although transition-aged students are not required to participate in all aspects of their IEP, they must be invited when transition planning is discussed. Research shows that students who learn to lead their team meetings and self-advocate regarding their disabilities experience more success when transitioning to adulthood. This revision to the IEP offers a more balanced view of how multiple disabilities shape a student’s overall profile and enhances transparency in disability disclosure.

Assistive Technology as a Critical Component of the Student Profile
Assistive technology (AT) plays a vital role in helping students build independence and reduce reliance on prompting and support from adults or paid providers. The new IEP appropriately increases the visibility of assistive technology within the Student Profile. Whether used to support communication, mobility, learning, daily living skills, or work-related tasks, assistive technology empowers students to succeed both in school and in adulthood. The updated IEP format requires teams to specify whether these needs will be addressed through accommodations/modifications, goals/objectives, the service delivery grid, or another method, as documented in the Additional Information section. By thoroughly considering and documenting a student’s assistive technology needs, the IEP ensures students have access to the tools they need for greater independence and long-term success—a critical step in transition planning.

Life Skills and Self-Determination Can Be Explicitly Included at Early Ages
The new IEP organizes a student’s present levels of performance into four main areas—Academics, Behavior/Social/Emotional, Communication, and Additional Areas, including “activities of daily living.” Even before age 14, teams now have more explicit opportunities to describe strengths and needs in a broad range of areas that impact transition planning. Many students with disabilities require earlier planning and support to build independence in areas like personal care, home living, and community integration. When skill development takes longer, being thoughtful about life skills instruction, parent training, referrals to community resources, and assistive technology is crucial at earlier ages. While not explicitly in the document, the new format also provides an opportunity for teams to evaluate self-determination skills at younger ages. Self-determination—encompassing self-awareness, self-advocacy, self-efficacy, choice-making, decision-making, goal setting, and self-regulation—is one of the strongest predictors of successful transition to adulthood. Current performance with these skills can be addressed across various categories (Academics, Social, Communication) or as a key “Additional Area.”

Current Performance Levels for Transition Services are Built-in
A major improvement in the new IEP is the explicit integration of transition assessment data and transition services within the IEP itself. For students turning 14 to 22, the IEP now includes a dedicated postsecondary transition planning section, which can also be used earlier if the team determines transition planning should start sooner. This section starts with documentation of the student’s current performance, strengths, preferences, interests, and disability-related needs in each postsecondary planning area—education/training, employment, and community experiences/postschool independent living. All of this documentation is informed by transition assessment data. Teams will also specify whether accommodations/modifications, goals/objectives, services, or other activities—documented in Additional Information—are needed to support the student’s transition planning. This ensures that all team members know exactly where to find details on how transition services will be implemented. As a caveat, all skills developed through special education support transition planning; thus, all general content in the IEP is relevant. Teams can confidently reference other parts of the IEP when completing the Postsecondary Transition Planning section to avoid unnecessary duplication of content.

Course of Study and Projected Graduation/Exit Date are Centrally Documented
Federal law has always required teams to identify a “course of study” that aligns with the student’s postsecondary goals, but there was no obvious place to include this in the old IEP. The course of study—a semester-by-semester plan of the classes the student will take—is a critical part of transition planning. For instance, a student aspiring to become a doctor will likely need lab science and advanced mathematics in high school. The new IEP provides places for teams to document the student’s course of study, the anticipated type of completion document (diploma, certificate of attainment, etc.), the student’s expected graduation date, and the student’s progress toward meeting exit requirements. This information is essential for monitoring and informing transition planning and creates a clearer link between the student’s transcript and progress toward their individualized postsecondary goals.

Transfer of Rights and Decision-Making
Adult decision-making is a significant milestone, and the new IEP emphasizes discussing the Transfer of Rights at least a year before the student turns 18. The IEP now includes designated space to document when both the student and family have been provided notice of this transfer and a copy of procedural safeguards. In addition, the new IEP encourages teams to discuss and document the student’s Decision-Making Options for adulthood. Although this is a requirement once the student turns 18, its more visible presence in the IEP encourages earlier conversations. This is crucial, because preparing for adulthood may require putting legal, educational, medical, and financial decision-making frameworks in place—processes that can take time to complete.

Community and Interagency Connections
Transition planning takes a village, and a central part of effective planning is to build a supportive network that extends beyond the protections of special education. The new IEP includes a dedicated section for community and interagency connections, ensuring that teams discuss and document connections to community partners (such as independent living centers, job centers, pre-employment transition service providers, etc.) that are supporting the student. Additionally, the IEP incorporates prompts to ensure timely referrals to adult service agencies well before the student’s exit. In Massachusetts, Chapter 688 Referrals—referrals to adult human services to engage in transition planning for students who will need continued support—must be completed at least two years before the student’s expected exit from special education. The new IEP provides even more guidance to ensure that teams can make and document these referrals on time.

Final Thoughts

The new Massachusetts DESE IEP represents a significant advancement in integrating transition planning into the IEP process. As teams implement the new IEP, prioritizing adequate transition assessments will be crucial, as effective transition planning relies on thorough assessment processes that reflect each student’s strengths, needs, and aspirations for the future. The law requires the use of age-appropriate assessments to identify the student’s strengths, interests, preferences, disability-related needs, and, most of all, their postsecondary goals. Involving diverse voices, such as guidance counselors, is also essential for ensuring a seamless connection between a student’s course of study and postsecondary goals. While the law has not changed, the new IEP makes transition planning more transparent. More importantly, it places the student’s vision and voice at the forefront of the process.

Additional Resources

Download Massachusetts IEP Form and Related Resources including the Transition Planning with the New IEP Quick Reference Guide and Discussion Questions to Get Ready for My Yearly IEP Meeting at https://www.doe.mass.edu/sped/improveiep/
Learn more about the specific language in the IDEA regulations that relate to important transition topics at https://www.pacer.org/transition/learning-center/laws/idea.asp
Explore NESCA Video Resources including webinars on transition planning, postsecondary learning and training options, fostering self-awareness and self-advocacy and more at https://nesca-newton.com/video-resources/
Learn about NESCA Transition Service offerings for students, schools, and families at https://nesca-newton.com/transition/

To download a PDF-Version of this Guide, visit https://nesca-newton.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Guide-to-Transition-Planning-and-the-New-MA-IEP.pdf

About the Author
Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS, is an expert transition specialist and national speaker with over 20 years of experience supporting youth and Kelley Challen headshot young adults with diverse developmental and learning abilities. Since 2013, she has served as Director of Transition Services at NESCA, offering individualized transition assessments, planning, consultation, coaching, and program development. She specializes in working with students with complex profiles who may not engage with traditional testing tools or programs. Ms. Challen holds a BA in Psychology and a Minor in Hispanic Studies from The College of William and Mary, along with a Master’s and Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study in Risk and Prevention Counseling from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She is a member of CEC, DCDT, and COPAA, believing it’s vital for all IEP participants to have accurate information about transition planning. Ms. Challen has also been actively involved in the MA DESE IEP Improvement Project, mentored candidates in UMass Boston’s Transition Leadership Program, and co-authored a chapter in Technology Tools for Students with Autism.

To schedule an appointment with one of NESCA’s transition specialists, please complete our online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton, Plainville, and Hingham, Massachusetts; Londonderry, New Hampshire; the greater Burlington, Vermont region; and Brooklyn, NY (coaching services only) serving clients from infancy through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

3

How to Use a Neuropsychological Evaluation Report from NESCA

By | NESCA Notes 2024

By: Erin Gibbons, Ph.D.
Pediatric Neuropsychologist, NESCA

A neuropsychological evaluation is a big investment of your time and financial resources. At the end of the process, you are provided with a lengthy report. You might think, “Now what? How do I use this report?”

At NESCA, we pride ourselves on writing reports that are comprehensive and highly individualized to each client. We always recommend sharing the report with people who work with your student, including pediatricians, schools, and private providers (e.g., therapists, speech-language pathologists, etc.). In many cases, the report includes a clinical diagnosis or diagnoses. Other providers often need to see those diagnoses in writing in order for the student to “qualify” for services.

In the short-term, the report should be used to seek services that the student needs. This often includes working with the student’s school to ensure that the student is receiving any necessary academic, social, or emotional supports. The report includes specific, explicit recommendations, such as the type of classroom the student needs, what interventions should be happening during the school day (e.g., reading instruction, speech/language therapy, occupational therapy), whether or not they need access to counseling services, and so on. By having all of those recommendations laid out in the report, families can then advocate for their student effectively.

Aside from the school setting, NESCA reports can be used to access services privately. This might include academic, therapeutic, or behavioral interventions. Managed care organizations often require specific types of documentation in order to access insurance-based services. By having a written report that includes clinical diagnoses and specific recommendations, this essentially acts as a prescription for services.

NESCA reports can also be useful for long-term planning and progress monitoring over time. The report captures the student’s current profile and provides recommendations for what should be done to address areas of weakness, with the goal of improving the student’s prognosis. An evaluation is typically considered to be valid for the next 2-3 years. At that point, it will be important for the student to be evaluated again to see whether there has been progress and, if not, what changes need to be made to the interventions in order for them to be more effective.

About the Author

Erin Gibbons, Ph.D. is a pediatric neuropsychologist with expertise in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological assessment of infants,

children, and adolescents presenting with developmental disabilities including autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, and attention deficit disorders. She has a particular interest in assessing students with complex medical histories and/or neurological impairments, including those who are cognitively delayed, nonverbal, or physically disabled. Dr. Gibbons joined NESCA in 2011 after completing a two-year post-doctoral fellowship in the Developmental Medicine Center at Boston Children’s Hospital. She particularly enjoys working with young children, especially those who are transitioning from Early Intervention into preschool. Having been trained in administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Dr. Gibbons has experience diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in children aged 12 months and above.

If you are interested in booking an evaluation with a NESCA neuropsychologist/clinician, please fill out and submit our online intake form.

Neuropsychology & Education Services for Children & Adolescents (NESCA) is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton, Hingham, and Plainville, Massachusetts; Londonderry, New Hampshire; and staff in Burlington, Vermont and Brooklyn, NY, serving clients from preschool through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

47

If My Child Attends a Residential School, Will the State Pay for Housing When They Graduate?

By | NESCA Notes 2024

By: Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS
Director of Transition Services, NESCA

The goal of transition services is to help students who are on IEPs to progress toward their measurable postsecondary goals. This includes planning for future learning and work situations, and also planning for future living—as independently as possible. An enormous challenge that comes up in this planning process is that families (and sometimes the professionals supporting them) do not fully understand the realities of housing for adults who have exited public education.

There is a common misconception that if your child has qualified for residential special education programming, that will mean that your child will qualify for residential support as an adult. However, adult human service supports are not an entitlement like special education—these services are voted on by state legislature. The truth is that adult services and benefits are built to fill in the gaps of what you cannot physically or financially do to support your child. If you are alive and you can reasonably take care of your child, even with support, that is what you will be expected to do. If, instead, you want your child to be able to live in their own home or a shared home, then you and your child will be responsible for figuring out how to find and fund that living situation.

Hopefully, this data, shared by Cathy Boyle of Autism Housing Pathways in a January presentation, titled “Thinking About Housing,” will help to hammer home this point. Cathy shared numbers from fiscal year 2021 which quantified some of the residential supports awarded to young adults in Massachusetts who turned 22 during that fiscal year. Specifically, there were 1,233 students turning 22 who were served by the Department of Developmental Services (DDS) in Massachusetts. Of that number, only 263 received “residential supports.” However, the majority of those “residential supports” were provided in shared living situations where the housing was not being funded by DDS. It was only about 100 individuals statewide who turned 22 and entered into brick-and-mortar homes funded by DDS.

Regarding who is able to secure DDS housing in Massachusetts, it is typically only available to individuals who have an intellectual disability that was diagnosed before age 18 and (1) are a danger to themselves, and/or (2) are a danger to others, and/or (3) have pica (a condition in which a person eats items not usually considered food). There are some other criteria considered, including whether the caregiver can keep the individual healthy and safe (based on caregiver criteria, such as age, health, employment) and the judgment of the evaluator from the state. But, as previously described, housing is reserved for individuals with the most significant needs. Also, while there is funding through DDS for day services for adults with autism in Massachusetts, this budget explicitly does not cover residential services or housing. Only individuals with autism who also meet the intellectual disability criteria are eligible for housing under standard criteria.

If your child has a mental health condition, you may wonder about housing through Department of Mental Health (DMH). While it’s difficult to find current statistics on the number of young adults turning 22 and receiving group home services, there is a limited number of beds, and eligibility criteria for DMH services specifies that you can only be eligible for services if they are actually available. Also, the criterion for housing is quite similar to DDS in that an individual has to be entirely unable to live at home even with intensive in-home support. This often equates to the same variable of whether your child is actively at risk of harming themselves or another person.

While I’m providing data from Massachusetts in order to exemplify these housing challenges, the struggles are similar, if not more difficult, across the United States. The reality is that if you have a child with a disability, you and your child are more than likely going to have to plan for and figure out how to pay for their housing in adulthood. This is one of the ways that our children are treated 100% similarly to nondisabled adults. Although having a disability may help your child to qualify for accommodations in adulthood, living accommodations are most often not part of that right.

Resources:

To learn more about housing in adulthood in Massachusetts, check out Autism Housing Pathways (which is not just for adults with autism): https://autismhousingpathways.org/the-current-housing-situation/
To find your local public housing agency in any state, visit the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development – https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/pha/contacts
Your local Independent Living Center is another great resource to learn about housing and resources for living in your local community: https://www.ilru.org/projects/cil-net/cil-center-and-association-directory

NESCA offers many services designed to help students bridge the transition from high school to college including executive function coaching, pre-college coaching, transition planning, and neuropsychological evaluation. To learn more specifically about our transition planning services, visit https://nesca-newton.com/transition/. To learn about other coaching services, visit: https://nesca-newton.com/coaching-services/. To schedule an appointment with one of our expert clinicians or coaches, please complete our intake at: https://nesca-newton.com/intake/.

About the Author
Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS, is an expert transition specialist and national speaker who has been engaged in evaluation, development, and direction of transition-focused programming for teenagers and young adults with a wide array of developmental and learning abilities since 2004. While Ms. Challen has special expertise in working with youth with autism, she enjoys working with students with a range of cognitive, learning, communication, social, emotional and/or behavioral needs.

Ms. Challen joined NESCA as Director of Transition Services in 2013. She believes that the transition to postsecondary adulthood activities such as learning, living, and working is an ongoing process–and that there is no age too early or too late to begin planning. Moreover, any transition plan should be person-centered, individualized and include steps beyond the completion of secondary school.

Through her role at NESCA, Ms. Challen provides a wide array of services including individualized transition assessment, planning, consultation, training, and program development services, as well as pre-college coaching. She is particularly skilled in providing transition assessment and consultation aimed at determining optimal timing for a student’s transition to college, technical training, adult learning, and/or employment as well as identifying and developing appropriate programs and services necessary for minimizing critical skill gaps.

Ms. Challen is one of the only professionals in New England who specializes in assisting families in selecting or developing programming as a steppingstone between special education and college participation and has a unique understanding of local postgraduate, pre-college, college support, college transition, postsecondary transition, and 18-22 programs. She is additionally familiar with a great number of approved high school and postsecondary special education placements for students from Massachusetts including public, collaborative, and private programs.

Ms. Challen enjoys the creative and collaborative problem-solving process necessary for successfully transitioning students with complex profiles toward independent adulthood. As such, she is regularly engaged in IEP Team Meetings, program consultations, and case management or student coaching as part of individualized post-12th grade programming. Moreover, she continually works to enhance and expand NESCA’s service offerings in order to meet the growing needs of the families, schools and communities we serve.

When appropriate, Ms. Challen has additionally provided expert witness testimony for families and school districts engaged in due process hearings or engaged in legal proceedings centering on transition assessment, services and/or programming—locally and nationally.

Nearly two decades ago, Ms. Challen began her work with youth with special needs working as a counselor for children and adolescents at Camp Good Times, a former program of Milestones Day School. She then spent several years at the Aspire Program (a Mass General for Children program; formerly YouthCare) where she founded an array of social, life and career skill development programs for teens and young adults with Asperger’s Syndrome and related profiles. Also, she worked at the Northeast Arc as Program Director for the Spotlight Program, a drama-based social pragmatics program, serving youth with a wide range of diagnoses and collaborating with several school districts to design in-house social skill and transition programs.

Ms. Challen received her Master’s Degree and Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study in Risk and Prevention Counseling from the Harvard University Graduate School of Education. While training and obtaining certification as a school guidance counselor, she completed her practicum work at Boston Latin School focusing on competitive college counseling.

Ms. Challen has worked on multiple committees involved in the Massachusetts DESE IEP Improvement Project, served as a Mentor for the Transition Leadership Program at UMass Boston, participated as a member of B-SET Boston Workforce Development Task Force, been an ongoing member of the Program Committee for the Association for Autism and Neurodiversity (AANE), and is a member of the New Hampshire Transition State Community of Practice (COP).

She is also co-author of the chapter, “Technologies to Support Interventions for Social-Emotional Intelligence, Self-Awareness, Personality Style, and Self-Regulation,” for the book Technology Tools for Students with Autism: Innovations that Enhance Independence and Learning.

To schedule an appointment with one of NESCA’s transition specialists, please complete our online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton, Plainville, and Hingham, Massachusetts; Londonderry, New Hampshire; the greater Burlington, Vermont region; and Brooklyn, NY (coaching services only) serving clients from infancy through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

5

Neurodevelopmental Evaluations for Children under Age 5

By | Nesca Notes 2023

By: Lauren Halladay, Ph.D.
Pediatric Neuropsychologist, NESCA

Many families are curious about neurodevelopmental testing. Neuropsychologists who specialize in working with young children are often asked about when it is appropriate to pursue an evaluation, what the evaluation process entails, and where to go.

Why Would a Young Child Need an Evaluation?

There are developmental milestones across several domains that children are expected to achieve within certain timeframes. When children are showing delays in achieving those milestones within expected age ranges, seeking an evaluation may be warranted. From birth to 5 years of age, the areas of development that are especially important to monitor include:

Speech and Language (e.g., use of single words/phrases, following directions)
Social Skills (e.g., eye contact, social smile, interest in others, imaginative play skills)
Motor Skills (e.g., crawling, walking, using a pincer grasp)
Cognition/Early Problem Solving Skills (e.g., matching shapes and objects, completing simple puzzles)

If delays in any of the areas listed above are observed, pursing an evaluation sooner rather than later is recommended, as research has shown that early diagnosis and intensive treatment are the most important factors in determining rapid progress and long-term prognosis.

What Does a Neurodevelopmental Evaluation Entail?

Within a comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluation, the child is administered tests that look at the developmental areas listed above. Information should also be collected from parents, teachers, and other caregivers who know the child well. These evaluations help to provide a better understanding of the child’s developmental profile, including areas of relative strength and weakness. In other words, the evaluation can provide more information about where the child’s skills currently fall when compared to their same age peers. Such information can provide diagnostic clarification, as well as help to inform recommendations for services if needed.

Where to Go

There are several options for where families can pursue evaluations, each with their benefits and drawbacks:

Early Intervention (EI): EI is meant to support families of children birth to three years of age who have developmental delays or are at risk of developmental delays. The goal of the Massachusetts EI program is to collaboratively promote skill acquisition based on the family’s priorities and child’s individual needs. Evaluations are typically conducted within the home setting to determine the child’s eligibility for EI services. While these evaluations can provide valuable information about the child’s strengths and weaknesses, a diagnosis will not be provided.
Hospital-based Setting: These evaluations are structured differently depending on the hospital system. In most cases, these evaluations are interdisciplinary, meaning that they involve a team of providers from different disciplines (i.e., psychologist, medical provider (pediatrician, nurse practitioner) speech and language pathologist, occupational therapist, etc.). While outcomes of these evaluations can include diagnosis and recommendations for services when appropriate, waitlists are often long, and reports tend to be brief.
Independent Setting/Private Practice: Independent evaluations usually involve several visits with a pediatric psychologist or neuropsychologist, rather than with a team of providers. Similar to the hospital-based evaluations, independent evaluations can result in diagnosis when appropriate. Specific recommendations based on the child’s individual profile are offered. These evaluations tend to be more detailed and comprehensive than those conducted by EI and within hospital-based settings. Clinicians also have the option to observe the child in other settings (e.g., daycare, preschool, elementary school), as well as attend school-based meetings.

Relatedly, NESCA is currently providing evaluations for children 12 months to 3 years of age who are showing early signs of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The wait time is 1 month or less – by design – so children who meet criteria for an ASD diagnosis can access the appropriate interventions for them. If you are interested in learning more about ASD Diagnostic Testing through NESCA’s ASD Diagnostic Clinic, please visit our website at https://nesca-newton.com/asd-diagnostic-clinic-2/ and/or complete our online Intake Form.

Related resources and links to help track developmental milestones:

About Lauren Halladay, Ph.D.

Dr. Halladay conducts comprehensive evaluations of toddlers, preschoolers, and school-aged children with a wide range of developmental, behavioral, and emotional concerns. She particularly enjoys working with individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, and complex medical conditions. She has experience working in schools, as well as outpatient and inpatient hospital settings. She is passionate about optimizing outcomes for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities by providing evidence-based, family-oriented care.

If you are interested in booking an appointment for an evaluation with a Dr. Halladay or another NESCA neuropsychologist/clinician, please fill out and submit our online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton, Plainville, and Hingham, Massachusetts; Londonderry, New Hampshire; and the greater Burlington, Vermont region, serving clients from infancy through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

44

October is Gap Year Exploration Month – Why Should Teens on IEPs Care?

By | NESCA Notes 2024

By: Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS
Director of Transition Services, NESCA

Last September, I received an email from a colleague with the title May I nominate you? The body of the email described that October is Gap Year Exploration Month (GYEM) and asked if I would be willing to be a GYEM Amplifier, meaning would I be willing to share information with my personal and professional network to create awareness about gap years and increase student consideration of gap years as one of their post-secondary options. This was an easy “YES!” for me because I have spent the majority of my career trying to help students and families who I work with to understand that there are many other options besides college, or before college, for students to pursue after high school. A common recommendation that I make for 10th- and 11th-grade students on IEPs is to have a specific goal and objectives that will help to enhance their understanding of a variety of post-12^th grade options so that the can make an informed and active choice about their post-high school activities.

In the United States, every student who is on an IEP has the right to postsecondary transition planning. This is a process by which a young person is supported in the setting of goals and expectations for themselves and in building the skills and resources that will enable them to reach those goals. This should be a completely individualized process. However, in working with a large number of clients in Massachusetts and other Northeast states, I have observed that most middle and high school students have the same postsecondary vision: College. There is a strong consensus that college is the only goal to reach after high school, rather than an important step that leads to gainful employment in an area of strength, interest, or aptitude. Students with and without disabilities often know that they want to go to college (or that they are expected to go to college), but they have no career goals or sense about whether a college degree will actually benefit them in finding employment related to their aptitudes. Despite the data, most young people (and their parents) simply take as fact that college is what you do after high school. So how do we empower students to better manage the transition process? First and foremost, we need to start discussing career development, and to help our youth to understand the wide range of postsecondary options available to them, at earlier ages. A bachelor’s degree is one academic pursuit that has a place for many students, but for a great number of students, it is not the best immediate option available after high school. There are many other options worth exploring, such as two-year college programs, vocational or certificate programs, apprenticeships, military, employment, and gap year programs. So today, let’s talk about those gap year programs!

What is a gap year? A gap year is a deliberate period of personal growth typically taken by students after high school and before post-secondary education or career. During a gap year, individuals engage in various activities that foster personal growth, skill development, and exploration of different paths before committing to further education or career choices. These activities may include volunteering, interning, traveling, working, learning new skills, or pursuing other forms of experiential learning. The purpose of a gap year is to gain valuable life experiences, expand one’s perspective, and make informed decisions about future educational and career endeavors.

What can you do on a gap year? The options are endless! Gappers can choose from structured programs like service learning or volunteer projects, or pursue independent activities, such as interning, hiking, or working on organic farms. There are opportunities both within the US and abroad.

Is a gap year expensive? A meaningful gap year can be planned on various budgets. Students can offset costs through work, fundraising, scholarships, and financial aid. Some gap year programs accept funds from 529 Plans. Moreover, gap year students often graduate from college in less time, potentially saving families money in the long run. Explore a comprehensive list of scholarships here.

What are the evidence-based benefits of taking a gap year?

Academic Success: Recent studies show that gap year students outperform traditional students academically when they enter college.
Employability Boost: 88% of gap year graduates report that their experience significantly enhances their employability.
Personal Development: 98% of gap year graduates claim that their gap year helped them grow as a person.
Career Exploration: 60% of gap year graduates credit their experience with either confirming their choice of career or setting them on their current path.

References for these statistics can be found here.

Can you still attend college after a gap year? According to the best data on this question, 90% of gap year students who intended to go to college enroll within a year of graduating high school.

How can I learn more about planning a gap year?

Seek guidance from your school counselor.

Attend local USA Gap Year Fairs or online events to meet with programs and gather more information.

Check out some of the following Articles/Videos:

Visit the web sites below:

Listen to a Podcast

Read a Book

The Price You Pay for College: An Entirely New Road Map for the Biggest Financial Decision Your Family Will Ever Make by Ron Leiber, 2021
The Complete Guide to the Gap Year by Kristin White, 2019
Gap to Great: A Parent’s Guide to the Gap Year by Andrea Wien, 2015
Gap Year: How Delaying College Changes People in Ways the World Needs by Joseph O’Shea, 2013
Gap Year, American Style: Journeys Toward Learning, Serving, and Self-Discovery by Karl Haigler, 2013

Is a transition program the same thing as a gap year program? Not exactly. Postsecondary transition programs are typically programs for young adults with disabilities that target skill development in one or more transition planning areas: life skill development, vocational skill development, and/or readiness for college. Often, developing executive function and social skills is a strong emphasis of these programs. Some of these programs are therapeutic and target the mental health needs of the young adult while supporting skill development in transition planning areas. While some students will participate in transition programs or transitional living programs as gap experiences, transition programs are typically a different category of program. At NESCA, we specialize in helping families determine whether transition programming is needed beyond 12^th grade and support families to find – or create –

postsecondary transition programs. We also coordinate with local specialists – Gap Year Consultants, College Consultants, and Therapeutic Educational Consultants—when students may need special expert support in any of those areas.

REFERENCE: Several of the FAQs in this blog are copied directly from GYEM: Digital Dispatch materials created by the Gap Year Association of America and distributed to Gap Year Exploration Month Amplifiers throughout the world.

About the Author
Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS, is NESCA’s Director of Transition Services, overseeing planning, consultation, evaluation, coaching, case management, training and program development services. Ms. Challen also provides expert witness testimony in legal proceedings related to special education. She is also the Assistant Director of NESCA, working under Dr. Ann Helmus to support day-to-day operations of the practice. Ms. Challen began facilitating programs for children and adolescents with special needs in 2004. After receiving her Master’s Degree and Certificate of Advanced Study in Risk and Prevention Counseling from Harvard Graduate School of Education, Ms. Challen spent several years at the MGH Aspire Program where she founded an array of social, life and career skill development programs for teens and young adults with Asperger’s Syndrome and related profiles. She additionally worked at the Northeast Arc as Program Director for the Spotlight Program, a drama-based social pragmatics program, serving youth with a wide range of diagnoses and collaborating with several school districts to design in-house social skills and transition programs. Ms. Challen is co-author of the chapter “Technologies to Support Interventions for Social- Emotional Intelligence, Self-Awareness, Personality Style, and Self-Regulation” for the book Technology Tools for Students with Autism. She is also a proud mother of two energetic boys, ages six and three. While Ms. Challen has special expertise in supporting students with Autism Spectrum Disorders, she provides support to individuals with a wide range of developmental and learning abilities, including students with complex medical needs.

To schedule an appointment with one of NESCA’s transition specialists, please complete our online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton, Plainville, and Hingham (coming soon), Massachusetts; Londonderry, New Hampshire; and the greater Burlington, Vermont region, serving clients from infancy through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

43

Building Independence—How Independent Living Centers Can Help Youth with Disabilities

By | Nesca Notes 2023

By: Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS
Director of Transition Services, NESCA

Good transition planning is about building a “team” that can outlast special education and using resources wisely. There is often talk of “maximizing benefits” so that private funds can be reserved and made to last. In order to create an effective and individualized transition plan, you have to know what resources are available in your local community as well as on the state and federal levels. One resource that may be overlooked or underused is your local Center for Independent Living (CIL). In Massachusetts, and some other states, these are often named Independent Living Centers (ILC).

Across the United States, CILs are free community-based agencies that provide a range of services designed to help individuals with disabilities build skills for living more independently. The barrier to entry is typically very low as the intake process may sometimes just be a phone call and acknowledgement of having a disability.

At a minimum, each center is charged with providing the following core services:

Information and referral: Learning about services, providers, benefits, and programs within your local community that can help you achieve your goals (e.g., advocacy, daily living, housing, recreation, etc.). Also, learning about resources offered through state and national organizations.
Skills training: Explicit instruction of self-advocacy and/or life skills that can help you to live, learn, and work more independently. Examples areas for skill development include accommodations, personal care, housing and household management, managing finances, interview preparation, etc.
Peer counseling/mentoring: Talking with a peer by phone, video conference, or in person for mutual support, confidence building, and ultimately to make more independent and informed choices.
Advocacy: Learning to advocate on both individual and systems levels. Building skills to advocate for oneself, including filing complaints or taking legal action to remove barriers when needed.
Transition services: Services to facilitate transition to postsecondary adult life, services to facilitate transition from institutions to the community, and services to assist individuals at risk of needing to be in institutions.

Additionally, ILCs/CILs may have developed services that are specifically useful for consumers in their local community or state. And there is generally no age requirement for accessing services. For example, many ILCs in Massachusetts have specific youth programming or Transition to Adulthood Programs (TAPs) which offer advocacy, skills training, and peer counseling specifically tailored to students.

ILCs/CILs are awesome agencies run by, and for, individuals with disabilities. However, in my experience, they are not talked about or accessed nearly enough as part of transition planning. If you are reading the blog and interested in building independence at home and in the community for yourself, your child, or a youth you work with—I strongly recommend you look up your local Center for Independent Living and call to find out more about accessing services today.

Resources:

Administration for Community Living – What is Independent Living? https://acl.gov/programs/aging-and-disability-networks/centers-independent-living

ILRU Directory of Centers for Independent Living and Associations – https://www.ilru.org/projects/cil-net/cil-center-and-association-directory

Massachusetts Independent Living Centers – https://www.mass.gov/independent-living-centers

About the Author
Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS, is NESCA’s Director of Transition Services, overseeing planning, consultation, evaluation, coaching, case management, training and program development services. Ms. Challen also provides expert witness testimony in legal proceedings related to special education. She is also the Assistant Director of NESCA, working under Dr. Ann Helmus to support day-to-day operations of the practice. Ms. Challen began facilitating programs for children and adolescents with special needs in 2004. After receiving her Master’s Degree and Certificate of Advanced Study in Risk and Prevention Counseling from Harvard Graduate School of Education, Ms. Challen spent several years at the MGH Aspire Program where she founded an array of social, life and career skill development programs for teens and young adults with Asperger’s Syndrome and related profiles. She additionally worked at the Northeast Arc as Program Director for the Spotlight Program, a drama-based social pragmatics program, serving youth with a wide range of diagnoses and collaborating with several school districts to design in-house social skills and transition programs. Ms. Challen is co-author of the chapter “Technologies to Support Interventions for Social- Emotional Intelligence, Self-Awareness, Personality Style, and Self-Regulation” for the book Technology Tools for Students with Autism. She is also a proud mother of two energetic boys, ages six and three. While Ms. Challen has special expertise in supporting students with Autism Spectrum Disorders, she provides support to individuals with a wide range of developmental and learning abilities, including students with complex medical needs.

To schedule an appointment with one of NESCA’s transition specialists, please complete our online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton and Plainville, Massachusetts, Londonderry, New Hampshire, and Burlington, Vermont, serving clients from preschool through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

15

On-the-Ground Parent & School Consultation in Honduras

By | Nesca Notes 2023

By Dot Lucci, M.Ed., CAGS
Director of Consultation and Psychoeducational Counseling Services, NESCA

NESCA’s International Work
NESCA is well regarded as an expert in providing neuropsychological evaluations for children and teens from around the globe as part of its International Evaluation program. To date, NESCA has provided evaluations to clients from more than 20 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and North America.

Many families bring their child/children to our offices in New England to be evaluated, and NESCA’s founder and director Ann Helmus, Ph.D., has traveled to many countries to provide evaluations overseas. She also has a long-standing history training neuropsychologists in the Philippines. Our Transition and Coaching Services teams also conduct transition assessments for international clients as well as virtual executive function coaching to many young adults overseas.

Based on a neuropsychological evaluation conducted by NESCA this past year, I began providing consultation with a 5^th grade boy from Honduras who is a student at a non-profit, bilingual, independent, private PK-12 college preparatory school there. Because of my work with this student, his family recommended NESCA’s services to another Honduran family and their child’s school. As a provider, knowing that a family trusts us and finds what we do so beneficial that they recommend us to another family is extremely rewarding.

Setting the Stage: The Special Education Landscape in Honduras
The special education system in Honduras is very different than in the U.S. in that they do not have the variety of resources we are accustomed to in the U.S., and there are not many evaluators in Honduras in any discipline (i.e., neuropsychologists, speech/language, OT, etc.). For instance, there are only six neuropsychologists in the entire country. Another major difference is that it is the parents’ responsibility – not the school’s – to hire a 1:1 paraprofessional or aide if needed for their child. Paraprofessionals function similarly to their U.S. counterparts, but since they are not employed by the school, they are separate from the school.

The special education teachers and counselors also function similarly to those in the U.S.; however, there are unfortunately not enough of them, limiting treatment services. They work from documents similar to IEPs but that are qualitatively are very different from our IEPs.

There are only a couple of special education models used for students: 3 times a week for general special education support or 5 times a week for pull-out reading or math instruction. The 5 times a week options ends at 6^th grade. Some of the teachers we worked with reportedly had training in Wilson and Orton-Gillingham, but there are no SLPs or OTs at the schools, and families pay for these services to be provided at the school or after school. Since there are so few professional service providers in the country, these interventions are extremely limited.

Parent & School Consultation in Honduras
As these consulting engagements progressed, both families asked for NESCA to consult to staff at each of the student’s schools in-person in Honduras, and the schools welcomed this support. The families were hoping that my expertise as an educational consultant focusing on inclusion, program design, and autism could greatly benefit the educators and service providers at the schools – ultimately having a positive influence on the students and their classmates.

Both schools are international, bilingual, non-profit, tuition-based college preparatory schools, and are accredited by the Honduran National Ministry of Education, AdvancED, and the International Baccalaureate Organization. One is a Christian faith-based school. Both serve students from nursery through high school and use N-12 American standards of Core Curriculum. They are similar to American schools in that they have a wide choice of classes/electives as students move up in the grades, as well as sports and after school clubs and activities. Upon completion of their high school careers, students at these schools have the opportunity to earn three diplomas: each school’s typical high school diploma, the Honduran Bachillerato, and the International Baccalaureate diploma. A high percentage of graduates go on to higher education in the United States and abroad. They accept students with a variety of “moderate” special needs and have special education teachers and mental health counselors to support them.

For these in-person school consults, I teamed up with another professional who was also already consulting at these schools. She is a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and speaks Spanish – a welcomed addition, as I do not. She is very skilled at providing behavioral support and is not overly rigid in her approach with students. Together, we presented Professional Development trainings for the two schools on the ground in Honduras. We brought a combined, well-rounded knowledge base to our work with the families and schools, offering lessons in a variety of topics, such as Universal Design in Learning (UDL), Differentiated Instruction (DI), Social Skills training/approaches, Mindset and Mindfulness, Sensory Integration, and Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS), along with the ABCs (antecedent-behavior-consequence) and functions of behavior (EATS: escape-attention-tangible-sensory). In this first engagement, we provided a broad overview of these topics, giving the staff much to think about regarding their instructional practices, behavior management, classroom design, and teaching styles. We will continue to provide both virtual and in-person consults this coming school year so their learning can continue to grow and deepen.

This is an ongoing training/learning process for the staff at these schools. As mentioned, we will continue providing ongoing training to help the staff implement Universal Design principles in developing their lessons. We will continue our discussion about viewing student aberrant behavior through multiple lenses – not just as “breaking the rules and needing consequences” (i.e., neurology-sensory, cognitive disconnect, attention, etc.), instead thinking about what the student is trying to communicate through their behavior. This education helps them to think differently about prevention and antecedents, thus impacting behavior management and discipline practices.

The Experience
Staff at both schools were willing to learn and collaborate, and welcomed our input, with one school attending the training the week before their school year started, because we were scheduled to be in-person! The Honduran teachers we worked with throughout the year, prior to our in-person visit, were so open to instruction, feedback, and learning more, often reaching out to us between our scheduled virtual meetings preceding our visit. They were eager to figure out how to support their neurodiverse (a new word for them) learners and allowed me to join their classes remotely so I could model different techniques and practices. They were willing to share their successes, questions, and challenges, making consultation both productive and powerful. They were open to the many “homework assignments” (i.e., articles/books to read, videos to watch, visuals to make, etc.) given to them and the recommendations provided. They implemented new class-wide and individual behavior plans (self-awareness plans) and benefited from the modeling of strategies I demonastrated.

It was a wonderful experience for them and us, and I am happy that our relationship is continuing and will deepen well into this new school year. I am looking forward to watching their continued growth – directly impacting the two students who started it all, as well as their classmates and those to come in future years.

If you are interested in learning more about NESCA’s international evaluation, transition, consultation, and coaching services, complete our online Intake Form.

About the Author

NESCA’s Director of Consultation and Psychoeducational Services Dot Lucci has been active in the fields of education, psychology, research and academia for over 30 years. She is a national consultant and speaker on program design and the inclusion of children and adolescents with special needs, especially those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Prior to joining NESCA, Ms. Lucci was the Principal of the Partners Program/EDCO Collaborative and previously the Program Director and Director of Consultation at MGH/Aspire for 13 years, where she built child, teen and young adult programs and established the 3-Ss (self-awareness, social competency and stress management) as the programming backbone. She also served as director of the Autism Support Center. Ms. Lucci was previously an elementary classroom teacher, special educator, researcher, school psychologist, college professor and director of public schools, a private special education school and an education collaborative.

Ms. Lucci directs NESCA’s consultation services to public and private schools, colleges and universities, businesses and community agencies. She also provides psychoeducational counseling directly to students and parents. Ms. Lucci’s clinical interests include mind-body practices, positive psychology, and the use of technology and biofeedback devices in the instruction of social and emotional learning, especially as they apply to neurodiverse individuals.

To book a consultation with Ms. Lucci or one of our many expert clinicians, complete NESCA’s online intake form. Indicate whether you are seeking an “evaluation” or “consultation” and your preferred clinician/consultant/service in the referral line.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton and Plainville, Massachusetts, Londonderry, New Hampshire, and Burlington, Vermont, serving clients from preschool through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

42

Transition Assessment: What Are You Testing that Hasn’t Already been Tested?

By | Nesca Notes 2023

By: Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS
Director of Transition Services, NESCA

Transition planning is a complex process centered around helping students, typically who receive special education services, to set goals for their postsecondary adult lives and to engage in learning, services, and experiences that will help them to ultimately reach those goals. Assessment is a critical aspect of this process, both as a means for collecting baseline information about the student and measuring progress throughout the planning process. Transition planning is federally mandated for students at age 16. However, some states require schools to start the process earlier. For instance, transition planning is required as part of the IEP process for students turning age 14 in Massachusetts.

Transition assessment is therefore required in middle school or early high school for most students in the United States. By this point in time, students on IEPs have often participated in lots of testing. Students may have had academic testing, psychological evaluation, speech and language testing, occupational and physical therapy assessments, functional behavioral assessment, and even home or health assessments. They have participated in so much previous testing, that some parents or professionals may ask, “What could a transition specialist be testing that has not already been addressed through other evaluations?”

The answer is, “A lot!” There are many areas that can and should be evaluated as part of an informed transition planning process, but which are not frequently evaluated when creating earlier IEPs. This is because initial IEPs and early reevaluations focus on helping students to access education and school life, but transition planning is about helping students to develop necessary skills for accessing learning, living, community, and employment as an adult. The following tables are based on on the Transition Assessment Planning Form developed by the Transition Coalition at the University of Kansas in 2008. These highlight many areas of assessment that can and should be considered as part of a comprehensive transition assessment and planning process. These also indicate which areas have usually not been considered for evaluation prior to a thorough transition assessment process.

Please note that every student on an IEP is an individual with unique strengths and disability-related needs and so these tables are offered as a general picture of what has been observed at NESCA in the majority of cases. Additionally, while all of the areas above are considered as part of a comprehensive transition assessment and planning process, they may not need direct assessment depending on student profile, postsecondary goals, and existing evaluation or report data.

For more information about transition assessment and transition planning at NESCA, visit our transition services page and our transition FAQs.

About the Author
Kelley Challen, Ed.M., CAS, is NESCA’s Director of Transition Services, overseeing planning, consultation, evaluation, coaching, case management, training and program development services. Ms. Challen also provides expert witness testimony in legal proceedings related to special education. She is also the Assistant Director of NESCA, working under Dr. Ann Helmus to support day-to-day operations of the practice. Ms. Challen began facilitating programs for children and adolescents with special needs in 2004. After receiving her Master’s Degree and Certificate of Advanced Study in Risk and Prevention Counseling from Harvard Graduate School of Education, Ms. Challen spent several years at the MGH Aspire Program where she founded an array of social, life and career skill development programs for teens and young adults with Asperger’s Syndrome and related profiles. She additionally worked at the Northeast Arc as Program Director for the Spotlight Program, a drama-based social pragmatics program, serving youth with a wide range of diagnoses and collaborating with several school districts to design in-house social skills and transition programs. Ms. Challen is co-author of the chapter “Technologies to Support Interventions for Social- Emotional Intelligence, Self-Awareness, Personality Style, and Self-Regulation” for the book Technology Tools for Students with Autism. She is also a proud mother of two energetic boys, ages six and three. While Ms. Challen has special expertise in supporting students with Autism Spectrum Disorders, she provides support to individuals with a wide range of developmental and learning abilities, including students with complex medical needs.

To schedule an appointment with one of NESCA’s transition specialists, please complete our online intake form.

NESCA is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton and Plainville, Massachusetts, Londonderry, New Hampshire, and Burlington, Vermont, serving clients from preschool through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

4

Explaining Neuropsychological Testing to Your Child

By | Nesca Notes 2023

By: Lauren Halladay, Ph.D.
Pediatric Neuropsychologist, NESCA

Neuropsychological testing can be confusing for adults to understand and explain, let alone children. Some of the most common questions that parents ask our neuropsychologists prior to their in-person appointments include:

“How do I explain the evaluation to my child?”
“How can I best prepare my child for what to expect when they are in the office?”

The answers vary depending on several factors. To name a few, your child’s age, level of awareness of areas they are struggling, and your child’s language abilities guide decision-making about the best way to discuss their upcoming evaluation experience. It is important to talk with your neuropsychologist to plan the most appropriate approach for your child. However, below is some standard guidance.

When describing the evaluation itself, I advise parents to use language that reduces pressure on the situation. In other words, it is best to frame the evaluation as a low stakes experience. For example, using words like “testing” or “evaluation” can create unnecessary worry. I often recommend describing the evaluation experience as a variety of “activities,” some of which may include looking at pictures, playing with toys, drawing, and answering questions. Other activities may seem similar to what your child is asked to do in school, such as reading stories, completing math problems, and writing.

Oftentimes, when children hear they are going to the “doctor” they may worry about medical exams. For this reason, it can be helpful to reassure your child that they are not going to be getting poked and prodded; and definitely will not be getting any shots!

To explain the reasons for doing the evaluation, some key phrases to use with your child include:

We want to understand how you learn, because everyone learns differently. It’s great that everyone learns differently because it keeps life interesting!
Everyone has things they are really good at and other things that are more challenging for them. This will help us understand what comes easy to you and what might be a little trickier, so that we can help you with things like schoolwork, completing activities around the house, and play.
We can also share this information with your teacher so they can better understand your learning style and support you at school.
Some activities might seem easy and others might be hard, but your job is just to try your best!

For more helpful tips, please see Dr. Gibbons’ previous blog posts, “How Do I Prepare My Child for a Neuropsychological Evaluation?” and “Preparing our Kids to Reenter the Community.”

About Lauren Halladay, Ph.D.

Dr. Halladay conducts comprehensive evaluations of toddlers, preschoolers, and school-aged children with a wide range of developmental, behavioral, and emotional concerns. She particularly enjoys working with individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, and complex medical conditions. She has experience working in schools, as well as outpatient and inpatient hospital settings. She is passionate about optimizing outcomes for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities by providing evidence-based, family-oriented care.

If you are interested in booking an appointment for an evaluation with a Dr. Halladay or another NESCA neuropsychologist/clinician, please fill out and submit our online intake form.

Neuropsychology & Education Services for Children & Adolescents (NESCA) is a pediatric neuropsychology practice and integrative treatment center with offices in Newton and Plainville, Massachusetts, Londonderry, New Hampshire, and Burlington, Vermont, serving clients from preschool through young adulthood and their families. For more information, please email info@nesca-newton.com or call 617-658-9800.

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